}
Data:
Elementary description of things, events, activities, and transactions
that are recorded, classified, and stored, but not organized to convey any
specific meeting. *
}
Information:
Data that has been organized so that they have meaning and value to the
recipient.*
}
Knowledge:
Information that has been organized and processed to convey
understanding, experience and expertise as they apply to a current problem or
activity. *
*(from hapter1, slide 3)
Converting
data to information to knowledge:
The limits between the three terms are not
obvious. For some people they consider data for others information for them and
the opposites. To suppliers for example, slight changes in the numbers that
appear on the computer screen transmit messages which consider as information
and it will help him to make an action , but for most of people its look like
raw data.
Converting
data to information:
There slightly different between data and
information. When we add values and purpose to the data it becomes information
to the receiver. (searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com)
Which The data in Carrefour it’s like when people want purchase some purpose
like TV, juice, bags, shaver and any
requirement they needs. In this case Carrefour staffing consider this
requirement as data for their organization before entered to the system while information
consider the data of product that customer purchase and entered that data to
the system. Then, make analysis the statistic of products of customer purchase
like how many type of products they purchase, price of items, date of product
sold. In this case staffing of Carrefour considers the analysis as
information.
In the
table you will see how data convert into information in organization and what
they used to collect information.*
Data
|
Possible methods of converting data into
information
|
Sales figures
|
Plot charts and identify trends
|
Market and competition data
|
Find average or typical values
|
Financial performance
|
Present complex data as a chart or graph
|
Production output
|
Monitor changes over time and forecast
future values
|
Costs of resources or other inputs
|
Compare figures and identify similarities or
differences
|
Accident records
|
Assess whether one thing is related
to another
|
To be useful, data must also
satisfy a number of conditions. It must be:
- relevant
to the specific purpose
- timely
- complete
- available
at a suitable price
- accurate*
* (searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com)
Converting
information to knowledge:
There are some confusion between
information and knowledge, Information can be either true or false but the
knowledge is a belief that is true, justified, and relies on facts. The
information that is generated is only useful if it's transferred to knowledge
.controlling and building knowledge is one of the most important challenges
that face the organizations.(searchdatamanagement.techtarget.com)
There are two types of
knowledge:
1. Available knowledge: it’s a knowledge that
has been found and used to develop for example policies and operating
procedures.
2. Hidden knowledge: the knowledge that have been held by a
specific people in the organization.
The both types of knowledge are important
for the organization.
So,
the convert information to knowledge it can be, When product entered system and
make analysis that will be information but the knowledge happen after analysis
the statistic that made in information which by see how many products are sold,
which product that people like it than other and how many product have in
store, which product need to increase. Hence, the Organization of Carrefour
consideration this case as knowledge.
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